Russia exploits governance gaps across Europe to further its revanchist ambitions, especially in former Soviet states, using disinformation as a key destabilizing tool. Bulgaria, with its historical ties to Moscow, is particularly vulnerable to Kremlin-backed propaganda, which intensified following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Pro-Russian narratives, supported by ex-military and security sector networks, including former military officers holding high-level political positions, are promoted through traditional and social media, despite Bulgaria’s NATO membership. These efforts are reinforced by long-standing Russian intelligence networks within Bulgaria’s security apparatus, and paramilitary groups aligned with Putin’s geopolitical strategies. The influence of these actors on Bulgarian public opinion and policy highlights the need for robust countermeasures.